Green Energy Development imprisoned German electricity depression change "luxury"

While Sweden kWh of clean energy than conventional electricity costs only about 10% higher

    Since Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident, Germany decided to stop the development of nuclear energy, wind energy and solar module driven open new energy era. But two and a half later, more and more people realize that this grand blueprint looks beautiful, implementation has been plagued with problems.

    Xinhua News Agency, in Europe, Germany, price is always the most expensive, and the government has failed to effectively control the cost of new energy production, energy is becoming a luxury.

    According to the German "Der Spiegel" reported that German consumers this year will be solar, wind and biogas energy to pay 200 million euros, while its market price is only worth 3 billion euros.

    20 billion cost for

    Electricity price 3000000000

    This € 20 billion does not include the unpredictable costs. Because the weather reason, how to build solar panels and wind turbines can sometimes produce a lot of power, sometimes nothing. When the power is too large, the need to shut down the wind turbine, but consumers have to pay for the cost of electricity generated theoretically.

    On the other hand, sometimes the wind turbine suddenly stopped, especially in the cold season, the power supply becomes tight, traditional heavy oil and coal-fired power plants will be restarted in order to compensate for power shortages. This is the carbon dioxide emissions in Germany in 2012 is higher than 2011's sake.

    If still not alleviate the shortage of electricity, in order to protect the power grid, some of the big power, such as the ArcelorMittal steel company, etc., will be forced to stop production. Stop the loss, of course, be borne by consumers.

    "Der Spiegel" is expected in the near future, the German general family of three average monthly electricity bill will reach 90 euros, twice in 2000.

    Swedish power generation

    45% rely on new energy

    2000 on the occasion, the Swedish era into green energy, while facing a severe economic crisis. National Energy Agency experts Gustav Aibei Na said: "when one thing is clear, that is necessary for the development of renewable energy as much as possible to control costs."

    Swedish model, the cost of clean energy kWh than conventional electricity only about 10% higher. Currently, 45% of Sweden's hydroelectric generating capacity from traditional into new energy sources, while the corresponding proportion in Germany is only 10%.

    Sweden, the use of "government quotas, market produce certificates" model of development. "In a sense, it is a subsidy program with Germany on the contrary," lived in Germany for many years, familiar with the German energy reform Aibei Na said.

    Swedish model is suitable for Germany? To this end the German government set up a special committee, whose members submit program proposals, the government issued a green energy supplier to the energy index, and then gradually increase its production targets. The deadline for the first phase is January 1, 2015, when 27.5% of electricity from renewable energy sources; 2016, this proportion rose to 29%; until 2020 reached 35%.

    As for what kind of green energy development, the energy companies and municipal public agencies can choose. The Committee believes that energy suppliers will be reasonably used his own money to develop wind, solar or biomass, and municipal public agencies are seeking the lowest market price. This mechanism would enable consumers to benefit from competition.

    Follow the principles of market economy

    Energy suppliers in order to prevent falsification of indicators, Sweden requires them to submit a series of green energy certificates, each certificate represents completion of a MWh indicators, if not complete index will be heavy fines.

    Its addition, all are to follow market economy principles: When the green energy production is low, the price naturally goes up, it will encourage investors to build more wind turbines or solar matrix can also invest in pumped storage system that allows energy production more efficient and reasonable.

    Swedish Energy Minister Anna - Karin Hart said, the biggest advantage is that the Swedish model is not bureaucratic restrictions, the Government set a target, without limiting means.

Market diversification initial victory JA Solar counterattack

Throughout the solar Photovoltaic Panels industry trough, JA price once fell below $ 1, facing the danger of being delisted. Not self-revolution is no way out, JA management innovation in the internal set off a storm, by the development of new technologies, the development of emerging markets, and control of financial risk to become an industry leader, will upgrade to the current price of $ 8 or more.

Change the world energy map was Chinese solar PV industry giants dream, but in 2011 began the second half cold wave struck them by surprise, a new vision of limitless energy revolution process marked by a "pause."

Layoffs, bankruptcy, delisting enveloped the Chinese solar PV industry, the majority of small and medium enterprises are in photovoltaic production or semi-shutdown state. How to find a sustainable development of the solar photovoltaic industry way of existence?

Winter in the industry and the EU "double reverse" investigation under the shadow of JA contrarian growth, the industry's Star of Hope. This year, a quarterly gross margin of 6%, compared with -4.6% in the fourth quarter increased by 10 percentage points. In a quarterly publication of the next day, JA Solar shares rose 70 percent, and led the entire solar sector rebounded sharply, which undoubtedly is in winter in the photovoltaic industry add a fire.

2012, JA and where the Crystal Dragon Group sales revenue of 19.5 billion yuan, net profit of 168 million yuan the whole group. According to Solarbuzz research report, 2012 JA module shipments ranked eighth in the world, compared with 2011 increased substantially by 7, to become the world leader in the fastest-growing component.

The same was in the industry cliff JA, why can achieve contrarian growth?

JA share price had fallen to less than $ faced delisting cliff, has been focusing on photovoltaic solar module industry and JA started by semiconductor silicon crystal dragon Group's parent company did not retreat, the future of the solar photovoltaic industry is their biggest bets . Instead, the harsh environment of outer Forced JA carried out a management revolution, the core technology, emerging markets, financial management to be effective.

According to public information, JA 2010 shipments of 1.46GW, 2011 Linden 1.69GW, 2012 is expected 1.7GW. According to IMS and Solarbuzz research institutions and other international authoritative industry research report, JA 2010 and 2011, global production of crystalline silicon solar cells ranked first, in 2012 the global top two. At the same time, JA has been successfully realized main business components from the battery to the transformation of 2012 assembly shipments accounted for 55% of total shipments.

Wenduo photoelectric conversion rate of technological innovation champion

EU's "double reverse" investigation after the settlement, JA parent Crystal Dragon Group Executive Vice President Guer Ying said with deep feeling, China's photovoltaic products in the EU market, the selling price is around € 0.52 per watt. Under the agreement, the minimum price increased to € 0.56 per watt, the price advantage is obvious, you want to keep the market, expand the market, we must rely on the quality and technical victory, the same product, you must have a higher photoelectric conversion rates.

JA photoelectric conversion rate is to defeat the enemy killer.

August 1, JA announced that the company developed polycrystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency of entrepreneurial circles new record, up 18.3 percent, higher than the industry average conversion efficiency improved by one percentage point absolute value, costs can be reduced by 5% to 7%.

JA JA CTO Yong technology for confident, solar photovoltaic cells is JA's traditional strengths, high technology content. With the exception of the United States SUNPOWERD back electrode battery technology and low magnification converging technologies, and Sanyo's HIT technology, JA is a global technology leader. The first two techniques are costly, can not see the prospect of decline. JA successfully developed a number of cutting-edge technology industry, including two printing technology, Cypress technology, Hirohide technology, times show technology, MWT technology and black silicon technology, has applied for 147 patents, of which 63 have been obtained national patent Board authorized.

JA adhere to introduce new products and maintain the photoelectric conversion rate leading level, even in the most difficult times always maintain R & D spending this year in order to ensure competitive products, investing $ 120 million grant to upgrade the product. Currently, JA Solar Cell Research Center developed two polymorphic techniques optical conversion rate more than 18%, three kinds of single silicon photovoltaic technology more than 20% conversion rate. Which has two technology products onto the production line. And most of the enterprises producing monocrystalline silicon solar cells and solar cell conversion efficiency has to remain at about 17.3% and 18.5% respectively.

Yong emphasize a key word is "cost of electricity" and reduce the "cost of electricity" mainly by advances in technology, economies of scale and lower raw material costs. PV industry now has a relatively overcapacity scale unsustainable, raw materials prices have dropped sharply after space has been very small, so the future depends mainly on space technology. JA has maintained a more than six months with the industry-leading strengths, and have sufficient technical reserves. Throughout the solar component, equipment installation costs accounted for 50%, the new technology will not only greatly increase the amount of power per square meter, but also effectively reduces installation costs per watt.

Technology revolution behind the management of innovation. In JA organizational structure, both production and R & D departments are Yong's CTO, in addition to have a dedicated R & D department and the team, in order to form a mass rapid technological production capacity in line at each production base with R & D personnel, production base is equivalent to the production line process R & D department personnel to optimize product performance, allowing seamless integration technologies and products.

Meanwhile, JA with the world's leading suppliers of joint development of technology, because JA solar cell technology is always in the leading level, many suppliers can not meet the requirements. On the basis of the resource sharing, through collaborative research, JA silicon solar cell technology in high-performance, low-cost thin-film solar cell technology and third-generation high efficiency solar cells, and many other aspects of exploration and research breakthroughs in key technologies related the formation of independent intellectual property rights, and the industrialization of research results. At the same time, JA and T? V NEG Company, INTERTEK Intertek Group, the world's most prestigious independent third-party authority to carry out strategic cooperation. JA also with the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory and other international and domestic leading research institutions and research institutes to establish a broad, in-depth strategic partnership.

7GW component exports to the EU quota allocation scheme upcoming second round off the set

In the ".5:2.5:1" distribution scheme, 10% support the export share of preferred for smaller enterprises and to support its own brand, high technology, financial condition of the photovoltaic cells export enterprises.

"But about 10% of the allocation scheme is still under discussion." Zhejiang, a photovoltaic company executives have said that for 10% of the quota, more intense competition for small businesses.

In fact, due to the implementation of the price undertaking negotiations by the end of 2015, the distribution scheme settled, means that enterprises can get two and a half export quota equivalent. Data also show that the first half of this year, the European installed capacity of 5.13GW, Chinese shipments to Europe 4.3GW, the second half of the remaining amount only 2.7GW.

"But now we have not exhausted the quota, because the current EU market downturn, € 0.56 / W in price, compared to Taiwan, Malaysia PV modules no advantage." Disclose the Zhejiang photovoltaic business executives.

In the above executives view, partly quota, is the original six, July If we can not export clearance part, but of less. "The extensive use of quotas may have to wait until October to go until the European inventory of 7788."

In this case, before the photovoltaic industry is worried about reselling quota has not happened yet, the executive said: "The risk is relatively large reselling them, fear of blame, no one wanted to become the industry's first accused person."

She Haifeng agrees: "reselling is not allowed on this one card CCCME very strict."

On the other hand, weak demand in the European Union under the influence after June this year, Chinese companies began a sharp decline in exports to the EU, China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance Secretary Wang Bo in September 17 Japan-China Energy Cooperation Forum A revealed that Chinese solar cell exports to Europe monthly decline in the proportion of 1-July export proportion has dropped to below 50%.

"We also went to some business surveys, now, although production is still not changed, but some companies that received orders from Europe decreased significantly." Minsheng Securities chief analyst of new energy power equipment Wang Haisheng said.

He explained that because of reduced orders behind the PV plant yields fell badly, Europe began to slow down or even abandon large-scale power plant construction; small rooftop projects although there are 7% of the basic rate of return, but widely distributed, must take the distribution channel, because it is not securitized, nor loans, some companies feel do can not do, "do no meaning."

Provided by the Ministry of Industry data show that the first half of 2013 exports of Photovoltaic Panels 8.3GW, essentially flat with 2012. The fundamental reason is that the growth of the Asia-Pacific and African markets to offset the decline of the EU market.

Electronic Tattoo: goodbye with bulky medical equipment

Hey, remember when they played the kind of simple good-looking temporary tattoo stickers do ? Simply favorite designs cut down, and then dipped in water, can be in any part of the body "Indian " to sell other small partners envy of " work of art ."

[ Technology ] electronic tattoo : goodbye with bulky medical equipment

Human preferences tattoos long time, as far as can be traced back to primitive times . About the causes of tattoos , there are a variety of claims . In ancient times, tattoos in addition to beautifying the body , to frighten the enemy , highlighting the cultural role, even for adults to have sex right kind of symbol symbol.To learn more please visit: http://www.solarpanelcellonline.com/

However, the University of Illinois in the United States , John Professor Rogers eyes, tattoo of value should have more room for imagination . In recent years, Rogers and his research team has been committed to the development of ultra-thin , flexible electronics , and their latest research results is the ability to accurately measure a person's body temperature , you can also monitor the flow of heat and skin vasoconstriction expansion etc. electronic Tattoo (electronic tattoo).

"We want to reshape and redefine electronics equipment, so they look and people to be more ' seamless ' such as this electronic tattoo looks like human skin surface ." Rogers said , electronic tattoo monitoring information for people with heart friends vascular disease is very important.

[ Technology ] electronic tattoo : goodbye with bulky medical equipment

The electronic tattoo modified by a special joint made ​​of silicon and other materials , and its golden wavy pattern is actually a miniature sensors. Sensor thickness of less than 50 microns , is mounted in a water-soluble plastic ( 10875 , 105.00 , 0.97% ) on . Since the sensor surface of the polyester layer between the skin and the human body has a weak adhesive force, so thin electronic tattoo simply "over " the water, can be a good fit to the skin. Either you free to move, compression and tension , electronic tattoo will not break.

Although electronic tattoo thickness less than 50 microns ( diameter than a human hair thinner ) , but the mini figure was " hidden universe " , which contains an antenna used to transmit data and a tiny solar cell manufacturers or a small coil ( can be placed near the induction coil electrical power ) .

[ Technology ] electronic tattoo : goodbye with bulky medical equipment

Compared to conventional temperature measuring instruments , electronic tattoo biggest feature is close to human skin, a long time accurate monitoring of body temperature for 24 hours . By increasing the voltage to the tattoo , it can transfer energy to the skin of the user , a certain treatment. Rogers previous studies , this has been used to measure electronic tattoo human leg , heart and brain waves. Surprisingly, the results showed that : Electronic Tattoo and traditional method of measuring radio as good .

Domestic component in Europe, "not to be seen" "reselling quota" or into a new "business"

We have taken in the transfer market, develop strategies for emerging markets , to be alert to a new round of price wars

Although the EU PV negotiated peace settlement , but PV companies in the European market is still better than a day . Yesterday, the domestic photovoltaic companies in the acceptance of "International Finance " reporters frankly, € 0.56 / watt agreement prices have started to affect their orders in the European market .

" Although there is no specific statistical data out, but reduced orders for sure ." Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited media spokesman Wang Zhixin told reporters after the company estimates it has done , the agreement will make the price from the previous 63 European orders % to 43%.

Sharp drop in orders

For Chinese PV speaking, Europe is a very important market , Chinese photovoltaic products exports to the EU accounted for the highest proportion of total shipments above 90%.

Because of this , the EU "double reverse" great harm , after several rounds of negotiations , the EU finally agreed to cancel the "dual" , but the Chinese side must sign the " price guarantee " agreement in exchange . Following consultations , the Chinese side gives the lowest price commitment is 0.56 euro / watt china solar panel exports to the EU no more than 7GW. This agreement into force on August 6 .

" Customers do the original investment model is based on less than € 0.56 / W to do, and now suddenly rising costs , resulting in some customers had originally planned photovoltaic power plant projects canceled midway ." Phono Solar Yuan Quan told reporters .

Wang Zhixin also told reporters that before the Chinese PV products than the price of 0.56 euros / watt protocol lowest lot , which is competitive, but , now implementing € 0.56 / watt minimum price equal to the most competitive Chinese products in addition to the cut , many customers can not accept the current high prices, orders will be reduced . " The company expects this year's European shipments fell 20 percent ."

Up to now , a total of 94 Chinese PV companies gained exports to the EU quota . For these quotas how points, before China CCCME released " exports to the EU PV product prices commitment to implement measures" show , will take " 631 " quota allocation scheme , 60% of export quotas in accordance with the proportion remaining 30% and 10% , respectively, assigned to vigorously defend and small enterprises .

But industry experts expressed concern for this allocation : in this context, will breed reselling quota bad phenomenon .

How to deal with

From the EU's " double reverse " Start with a keen sense of smell PV companies have begun to change the strategic layout to minimize damage.

Yuan Quan told reporters , Hui Lun has begun before the focus back to the domestic market , while concerned about South Africa , South America, Southeast Asia and other emerging markets , reducing dependence on the European market . "Meanwhile, we are trying to model innovation, seeking and non- traditional channels of cooperation may PV ." Yuan -chuan .

And Yuhui Solar chose outsourcing . "In the past few years, we also like other companies , continue to invest and build factories , but now the company began to focus on limited resources and channel development and brand building , in the manufacturing, we will take the way overseas foundry . " Yuhui solar regulator founder and CEO Li Xianshou told reporters that at present , Yu -hui in the world has more than 40 foundries , assembly areas to produce their own half and half foundry , while 80% regard cell overseas foundry.

" Companies must adopt effective strategies , otherwise, would become long-term trend of reduced orders ." Said PV companies have also reminded all of us to take the transfer market, develop strategies for emerging markets , to be alert to a new round of price wars .

Sunshine Power: Inverters PV power plant EPC exports and become a new growth point

PV power plant EPC become a new growth point, optimistic about its sustainability ; this year 's new PV power plant system integration business in the first half revenue 266 million yuan , 600 million yuan annual target to become the new company's revenue and profit growth point ;

    We believe that companies with substantial cash in hand , cash sine wave inverter business good manufacturing capabilities, as well as management and Gansu, Anhui and other places of good government relations, participation in domestic photovoltaic power plant development business of private enterprises has certain advantages, recently the company and Anhui , Xinjiang and other places of power plant development agreement signed also to some extent to the new business continuity is ensured.

    Inverter business to maintain rapid growth , gross margins continue to stabilize the export breakthrough ;

    Company after deducting EPC business revenue growth of 26 %, including photovoltaic inverter revenue growth of 24% , taking into account the product price fell by nearly 30% , so the actual inverter sales remained relatively rapid growth in the fierce domestic market competition , the company's market share remained good ; half gross margin of 30.1% inverter with flat second half of 2012 , continued to show signs of stabilization stabilized ; we believe that , although the market remains competitive , but with the domestic PV Power market matures, the core competitiveness of inverter products from the price factor will gradually transition to product quality , product gross margin is expected to remain stable or even picked up ;

    Notably , the company in the first half of overseas sales revenue reached 77.32 million yuan , an increase of 230% , mainly photovoltaic inverter exports ; We believe that with the growth of domestic capacity , the company as the first brand in China Inverter , product quality and stability is expected to gradually gain recognition overseas customers , the future is expected to gradually increase the proportion of export sales ;

    Earnings adjustment

    We are the company 's latest earnings forecast for the 2013 ~ 2015E EPS respectively , 0.53,0.74,0.96 yuan ( which in 2013/14 compared with the previous forecasts by 8% and 5% ) , the next two years net profit CAGR 34 % .

    Investment advice

    Company as the first PV inverter market share of the enterprise, is the sector to benefit Chinese government launched the PV domestic policy-oriented subject of one of the most straightforward ; Companies leading position stable, steady rise of profitability , new business and overseas markets the breakthrough, optimistic about the company 's continuing growth , maintaining a "buy " rating.

China South Locomotive new PV inverter performance reached the international advanced level

China South Locomotive and its "CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd." (referred to as China CSR Zhuzhou) developed 500 kilowatts of new PV inverters, photovoltaic power plant in Qinghai Plateau successfully installed a grid. The company can meet the large-scale photovoltaic products photovoltaic power plant complex requirements of grid access conditions, with volume production conditions.

     It is understood that the success of the new solar grid tie inverter 500 kilowatts and 500 kilowatts inverters compared to the original, the whole cost of significantly reducing the volume reduced 20% conversion efficiency, longer life, in the system harmonics, applied voltage range, active and reactive power adjustable, adaptive grid phase sequence, night SVG reactive power compensation and other key performance indicators are better than similar products, the indicators in full compliance with the national grid and the Golden Sun certification standards , the overall performance of the advanced level of similar foreign products.

     PV inverter solar photovoltaic power plant is one of the core equipment for the "Solar's core." In the solar photovoltaic systems, solar cell modules is converted to DC power through energy through photovoltaic inverter power conversion and control system of direct current into line with the requirements of AC power quality. Achieve "orthogonal transformation function," while maximize solar cell performance and system protection.

     China's photovoltaic inverter, especially high-power photovoltaic inverter in its infancy, foundation is weak. China CSR Zhuzhou, China Converter Technology National Engineering Research Center of the only support unit. Companies to enter the photovoltaic field four years ago, has been independently developed ranging from 50 kW to 1 MW power level of more than 10 kinds of PV inverter and related facilities, becoming one of the few domestic product spectrum series, complete one of the enterprise .