Efficiency of solar steam technology to achieve 90%

Side of the car exhaust pipe in the cold winter, stove, steaming water vapor can be seen everywhere, naturally we will steam and high temperature combustion linked. New technology, Rice University scientists recently published a directly from the ice water and generate steam to break this inertia of thinking, and surprising. How to achieve the leap from the ice water to steam? With what "qualified" to become the technology of key materials? "The power inverter" technology will be applied where life?

Nanomaterials plasmon resonance water instantly into steam

Reporter: In 1765, British inventor Watt improved the steam engine, greatly improving its efficiency. Since then, the human civilization, fitted with a powerful new engine, the world steam driven into the era of rapid development. Today, after many changes after the energy technology of the electrical age, the atomic age, the steam is still the world's most commonly used industrial fluid one. Recently, Rice University scientists announced a new technology for steam once again with new energy, "marriage", the attention of the public. The scientists said the nanoparticles directly convert water into steam, and even the method is equally effective in ice water. Miao researchers, please introduce this change for us is how to achieve it?

Miao Lei: Yes. The key to the power inverter technology, the researchers found is that the metal nanoparticles surface plasmon resonance can be greatly enhanced ability to absorb sunlight, and the use of the field of power inverter, so that the traditional solar inverter conversion materials more powerful. When these nanoparticles material is immersed in water and exposed to sunlight, they will rapidly heat up, and soon the temperature can exceed the boiling point of water. They "led" almost instantaneously container can produce water vapor.

Reporter: Why such nanoparticles in sun rapid warming?

Miao Lei: metal nano-particles at the time to a certain size will generate the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) the physical phenomena, due to the resonance resulting in the electron absorption of the light energy, so that the reflected light at a certain angle within greatly weakened. When light shines into the water, these particles rapidly warming and high temperature can be allowed to direct vaporization of the surrounding water. Wrapped in the nanoparticles of water vapor around the layer of insulation layer is formed spaced apart from the other cooler liquid, such that the nanoparticles of the waters near the higher and higher temperatures. When the particles wrapped around the gas more and more, the buoyancy generated the particles float to the surface, a large number of water vapor burst open rapidly released into the air, and then the particles then sink to the bottom continues endothermic gas production increased, release sinking so on ad infinitum.

Reporter: out of the water vapor produced by this method can achieve what temperature?

Miao Lei: Rice University researchers have given conclusion under in of 1atm (standard atmospheric pressure), steam can reach 100 ℃. From the perspective of solar inverter conversion, which is incredible. Of course, based on the above, I talked about the principle, we can easily find, will vary with the different experimental conditions, the temperature of the water vapor. The heat generated by the example, the same area of ​​the nanoparticles are highly focused sunlight, will certainly direct sunlight and relatively dispersed heat generated is not the same, the natural water the temperature of the steam will be different. From the current published data than the condenser temperature, light area, and other key indicators have not clearly recorded, so we can not be precise to conclusions.

Reporter: In recent years the use of solar energy technology after another, and the efficiency of solar energy conversion has been a focus of concern in this field. Then we talked about the technology and how efficient?

Lei Miao: The research team of scientists believe the technology to be able to approximately 80% of the solar energy into steam energy. If the steam turbine power generation through the current, then the overall efficiency can reach 24%. We are more familiar with photovoltaic solar panel, energy efficiency is usually about 15%. The researchers believe that, with the further improvement of the technology, efficiency, there is still room for improvement.

In fact, the efficiency of the solar absorption of the nanoparticles in the liquid up to about 90% are possible, but the problem is that the conversion efficiency after the absorption of heat, this section has not been tested, and can not easily evaluation.

Mobile power is now very popular mobile portable accessory products, convenient and practical. Mobile power since its birth, because of its role can charge portable devices, has been welcomed by the market. Mobile power products development trend is increasing the capacity of high conversion efficiency, improve product safety performance. However, in order to cater to this new trend, some unscrupulous manufacturers have some virtual standard parameters, materials solid, shoddy, so that consumer interests are harmed. The batteries are hidden in its shell below, together with the current mobile power circuit conversion efficiency, providing an opportunity to give to the unscrupulous manufacturers to increase the profits of the product, by some means. This article about the move common power quality problems, for readers to friends as a reference.

Capacity xubiao

Virtual standard is the manufacturer of the nominal capacity value is higher than the actual capacity of the batteries inside the mobile power. Such as the actual less than 10000mAh also nominal reached. Elevation capacity, very attractive to consumers. But consumers will obviously feel these poor mobile power only charge a few points on the powerless, to the latter part of the more power supply and the more incompetent.

Second, the conversion efficiency unrealistically

Because traditional batteries (18650 and polymer), the nominal voltage of 3.7V, mobile phones and other digital products, standard input voltage of 5V, which a conversion efficiency. Coupled to move the power loss of the power supply itself (including: the resistive losses, circuit switching loss and the voltage loss, the power supply loss, etc.), many declared conversion efficiency can reach more than 85% of the mobile power, according YORK SOUTH evaluation room test, The part of the conversion efficiency is between 60% -63%. (Refer to "reveal the the resolve the truth mobile power conversion efficiency," author: Liu Wang)

Third, posing imported batteries

Unscrupulous manufacturers make a big fuss in the batteries, which is a bit like a cottage phone shoddy materials. Doing so not only safety performance is greatly reduced, increasing the likelihood of power explosion, but also undermines the development of the industry of mobile power.

Fourth, the charging time is marked only with the fastest time of the experiment